What is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)?
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women of childbearing age. It is characterized by:
- Irregular or absent menstrual periods
- Excess male hormones (androgens)
- Small, fluid-filled sacs on the ovaries (polycystic ovaries)
PCOS is a common condition, affecting about 1 in 10 women of childbearing age. The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it is thought to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Symptoms of PCOS
The symptoms of PCOS can vary from woman to woman. Some of the most common symptoms include:
- Irregular or absent menstrual periods
- Excess hair growth (hirsutism)
- Acne
- Weight gain
- Difficulty losing weight
- Infertility
- Insulin resistance
- Type 2 diabetes
- Heart disease
- High blood pressure
Treatment for PCOS
There is no cure for PCOS, but there are a number of treatments that can help to manage the symptoms and improve quality of life. Treatment for PCOS will vary depending on the individual woman's symptoms and needs.
Some of the most common treatments for PCOS include:
- Birth control pills: Birth control pills can help to regulate menstrual periods and reduce excess hair growth.
- Metformin: Metformin is a medication that helps to improve insulin sensitivity and can help with weight loss.
- Spironolactone: Spironolactone is a medication that blocks the effects of androgens and can help to reduce excess hair growth.
- Clomiphene citrate: Clomiphene citrate is a medication that can help to induce ovulation and improve fertility.
- Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be an option for women with PCOS who are struggling with infertility.
Lifestyle changes that can help with PCOS
There are a number of lifestyle changes that can help to improve the symptoms of PCOS and improve overall health. These include:
- Eating a healthy diet: Eating a healthy diet that is low in processed foods and high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help to improve insulin sensitivity and weight loss.
- Exercising regularly: Exercise can help to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce stress, and improve overall mood.
- Losing weight: Losing weight, even a small amount, can help to improve the symptoms of PCOS.
- Reducing stress: Stress can worsen the symptoms of PCOS, so it is important to find ways to reduce stress in your life.
- Getting enough sleep: Getting enough sleep is important for overall health and well-being.
- Avoiding smoking: Smoking can worsen the symptoms of PCOS and increase the risk of complications.
- Drinking alcohol in moderation: Drinking alcohol in moderation is fine, but excessive drinking can worsen the symptoms of PCOS.
Living with PCOS
PCOS can be a challenging condition to live with, but there are a number of things you can do to manage the symptoms and improve your quality of life. It is important to work with your doctor to develop a treatment plan that is right for you. You should also make lifestyle changes that can help to improve your health and well-being. With proper treatment and lifestyle changes, you can live a full and healthy life with PCOS.
Complete Healthcare for Women - Obstetrics and Gynecology
509-392-6700
Richard Lorenzo, D.O.
Kortney Jones ARNP
Author
Kortney Jones, ARNP
Kortney Jones is board-certified by the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. She provides OB/GYN services, including birth control, pregnancy and prenatal care, and infertility, as well as gynecological services, such as women’s health and wellness, abnormal uterine bleeding, weight loss, pellet hormone therapy, and menopause.
